Rockingham was created 28 December 1752 by a charter granted by New Hampshire Governor Benning Wentworth.
Bartonsville is in the northwest part of the Town, near the Williams River.
Bellows Falls is an incorporated village in the southeast corner of Rockingham, on the Connecticut River. It is the largest village or hamlet in Town.
Rockingham is the name both of the Town and of a hamlet which is roughly in the center of the Town, near the Williams River. All that really remains to show its former importance as the center of Town activities is the old Rockingham Meeting House and the cemetery.
Saxtons River is in the south central part of Town, on the river of the same name.